Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici - Tesi di Dottorato
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Item Orientarsi nel labirinto. Il problema dell’etica nel pensiero di Cornelius Castoriadis(Università della Calabria, 2022-12-15) Arcuri, Lucia; Perrelli, Raffaele; Lupo, LucaThis thesis aims to demonstrate how ethics constitutes an essential element in the construction of the theoretical project that in Castoriadis' research revolves around the concept of autonomy. Psychoanalysis, education (paideia) and politics, considered not by chance by Freud as "impossible professions" are the practices and knowledge that make the realisation of this project possible. The thesis proposes a path that unfolds over three chapters. The first chapter offers a bio-historical and speculative reconstruction and contextualisation of the path that led Castoriadis to leave Greece; the entire parabola of the group Socialisme ou Barbarie (SouB); the clash with Sartre and Debord; the difference between SouB's anti-bureaucratic theses and those of Rizzi and Burnham. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the Castoriadisian critique of Marx, an analysis that brought to light original elements of Castoriadis' thought such as the notions of rhythm, alienation, non-causal, germen and virtuality. The second chapter is divided into two parts: a pars destruens and a pars construens. The subject of the first part is a critical investigation of the inherited conception of ethics in which an attempt is made to clarify the difference between ethics and morality on the basis that ethics not only opens up to questioning but also criticises the aspiration to the absolute and purism in the moral field. In the second part of the chapter, however, an attempt is made to examine more closely the relationship between ethics and politics in relation to individual and collective action. Castoriadis' analysis and recovery of the Aristotelian definition of virtue is due to the idea that it contains in germ the same aporias common to autonomy. From the possibility of overcoming these aporias, also offered by an unexpected suggestion by Deleuze, he then goes on to outline a different concept of habitus in relation also to what Bourdieu states. Reflection then focuses on Deleuze's analysis of the theory of value in Aristotle and Marx, an analysis that culminates in the communitarian need to create, through concrete praxis, a network of values. Finally, it is shown how a project of autonomy cannot be separated from the creation of a corresponding ethos based on logon didonai and self-limitation. The third and final chapter focuses on Castoriadis conception of psychoanalysis and education. The occasion of the splitting of the Quatrième Groupe from the École freudienne, also due in part to Castoriadis' ideas, provides the pretext to move into Castoriadysian critique of Lacanism. Castoriadis' presence at Lacan's Seminars offers the opportunity for an excursus on the main points of Castoriadis' psychoanalytic theory: the theory of the monadic psyche, the role of the three phases (monadic, triadic and oedipal), socialisation, the role of reflexivity and its presuppositions including sublimation and the lability of investments in relation to society. The concept of Bahnungen or 'facilitation' is introduced as a tool of psychoanalysis and education to promote in the individual the exercise of reflexivity and autonomy. Psychoanalysis is defined, in fact, as a practical-poietic activity capable of bringing the individual to self-alteration through the maturation of reflexivity (réfléxivité). Analytical practice is also aimed at creating a balance between psychic instances by recognising the potential of the Imaginary. The efforts of psychoanalysis and education go in the direction of the autonomy of the subject and substantiate the practice of the institution of autonomy in the political field.