Dipartimento di Fisica - Tesi di Dottorato

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Questa collezione raccoglie le Tesi di Dottorato afferenti al Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università della Calabria.

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    Nanofillers doped buckypaper membranes for highly enhanced recovery of pollutants from wastewater
    (Università della Calabria, 2023-03-29) Baratta, Mariafrancesca; Cipparrone, Gabriella; De Filpo, Giovanni
    L’acqua è un bene prezioso, fonte di vita sulla Terra. Sin dalla notte dei tempi, questa minuscola molecola fatta di soli due elementi e tre atomi, ha assistito all’alternarsi di ere geologiche, ha conosciuto epoche e visto lo sviluppo e il declino di civiltà che attorno all’acqua hanno costruito la loro ricchezza e il loro sostentamento. Dall’acqua dipende la vita e attorno all’acqua si è costruita la vita. L’idea che questa risorsa naturale sia sempre stata presente sulla Terra ha fatto credere per molto tempo che essa sia una fonte inesauribile, a cui tutti possono accedere illimitatamente per soddisfare i propri bisogni. Tuttavia, se fino al secolo scorso, il rapporto tra la domanda e l’offerta si è mantenuto pressoché unitario, con l’avvento della civiltà moderna e, dunque, con lo sviluppo economico che ciò ha comportato, si è assistito a un progressivo aumento della disuguaglianza tra questi due termini, con il primo, quello della domanda, che è letteralmente schizzato alle stelle. La richiesta d’acqua da parte della popolazione mondiale, che attualmente ammonta a 8 miliardi, per il soddisfacimento dei propri bisogni quotidiani ha portato, nel corso degli anni, a un enorme consumo di questa risorsa, senza però che la Terra ricevesse nel frattempo un efficiente ricambio di acqua pulita. Non solo, infatti, il consumo d’acqua è notevolmente aumentato, e le risorse del pianeta nel frattempo sono rimaste pressoché uguali, ma gran parte di questa grossa quantità di acqua è stata sprecata e costantemente inquinata. Inquinata da quella stessa popolazione che ne fa domanda, attraverso il rilascio improprio di rifiuti provenienti dagli impianti di scarico di attività connesse con il sostentamento della vita umana, in primis quelle industriali. Stando a quanto riportato dall’ONU all’Assemblea Generale delle Nazioni Unite del luglio 2010, l’acqua è un diritto umano universale e a tutti deve essere garantito l'accesso all'acqua potabile, al fine di prevenire l’insorgere di malattie infettive. Pratiche di igiene e sanificazione sono dunque necessarie e obbligatorie per rimuovere gli inquinanti presenti nelle acque, prima che queste vengano nuovamente introdotte sulla superficie terrestre e giungano poi sulla nostra tavola. A seguito della notevole diversificazione delle attività antropogeniche, gli inquinanti comunemente rinvenuti nelle acque sono molteplici. Si annoverano coloranti, pesticidi, metalli pesanti, farmaci e organismi patogeni come batteri e virus. Accanto a queste “molecole”, una grossa fonte di inquinamento è poi rappresentata dalla presenza di plastiche, il cui consumo negli ultimi decenni è cresciuto in maniera esponenziale. Il seguente lavoro di tesi si propone di sviluppare delle nuove membrane a base di nanotubi di carbonio (CNTs) da impiegare nella rimozione di inquinanti dalle acque mediante processi di fotocatalisi o di assorbimento. Le membrane a base di CNTs, anche note come buckypapers, si presentano come dei fogli sottili, perfettamente autosostenuti, in cui i CNTs sono assemblati formando una vera e propria rete. Le prestazioni di tali membrane dipendono molto dal tipo di CNTs utilizzati (SWNTs o MWNTs); in generale, però, a differenza delle membrane polimeriche attualmente in commercio, esse sono stabili anche ad alte temperature, sono inoltre flessibili, presentano una buona stabilità chimico-fisica e una buona conduttività elettrica. Al fine di migliorare le loro performances, tali membrane sono state dopate con opportune nanoparticelle, introdotte allo scopo di incrementare selettivamente il recupero dei seguenti inquinanti: piombo e cerio, per quanto concerne la categoria dei metalli pesanti, e, per la categoria dei farmaci, le molecole di diclofenac, ketoprofene e naprossene, tutte comunemente impiegate come antinfiammatori. Nell’ottica della degradazione di inquinanti mediante processi fotocatalitici, sono state inoltre sviluppate nuove membrane composite della forma semiconduttore/buckypapers, in cui questi ultimi espletano la funzione di supporto a uno strato fine di semiconduttore depositato sulla loro superficie. In tal caso, una nuova applicazione nella degradazione di coloranti e antinfiammatori è stata rinvenuta per tali membrane, le quali hanno mostrato delle ottime efficienze di rimozione per gli inquinanti investigati.
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    Optical metasurfaces: from reconfigurable polymer-based platforms to sensing applications
    (Università della Calabria, 2024-04-11) Nicoletta, Giuseppe; Cipparrone, Gabriella; Strangi, Giuseppe
    Research is of paramount importance for the well-being and improvement of life, and this is often supported by material research. It is enough to remember that in the past man could greatly improve his own existence by the discovery of stone, and later he could do so by the discovery of bronze and still later iron. Technology today leads us to have increasingly compact devices that are capable of transmitting data as quickly as possible. Among the greatest challenges for scientists is research into materials for microprocessors, optical fibers, and the optimal use of renewable energy sources. The study of light-matter interaction is of fundamental importance since most electromagnetic devices and phenomena originate from it. In this case, the creation of different structures and geometries makes it possible to modify electromagnetic radiation for the intended scientific purposes. Metamaterials offer the possibility to overcome the limits of the physical and chemical properties of materials. With technical processes, it is possible to create structures that show a unique response thanks to their dimensions, which are smaller than the characteristic incident wavelength. One of the most important challenges in the biomedical, environmental, and chemical fields is the biorecognition of analytes in the surrounding environment with high sensitivity and specificity. One possible solution to achieve this goal is to study the change in refractive index that correlates with the specific molecule or biomolecule that needs to be detected in a fluid. The aim of this thesis is to develop an optical approach for various metasurfaces with high sensitivity, which can be used for biosensors and thus for the detection of biological material such as cells, proteins, bacteria etc. Another important aspect is the study of metasurfaces capable of opti-cal reconfiguration by external stimuli, useful to tune the focus of metalenses. This thesis is divided into four chapters, one appendix, and conclusion and perspective. In the first chapter, the concept of chirality is introduced, the interaction between chiral light and chiral matter. The focus is on extrinsic chiral metasurfaces, the study of 3D out-of-plane helices. A modeling study of various helix parameters and an analysis of the modes and their sensitivity have been performed. The second chapter presents Fano Resonance Optical Coating (FROC). After a brief introduction, relevant theoretical references are given. After accurate simulations on the FROCs, several samples were fabricated and analyzed by spectrophotometry and ellipsometry to provide a few applications for these samples. In the third chapter, metalenses supplied by the Capasso group are presented, infiltrated with various liquid crystals according to Cassie-Baxter theory. The purpose is to tune the metasurface to allow in-depth optical investigation. The goal is to tune the metalenses using photonics to excite the gold nanoparticles inside the liquid crystal. In the fourth chapter, a technique is presented for the low-cost reproduction of metalenses, which focus visible light and can be thermally tuned. The goal is to provide materials that do not degrade over time and that retain their properties for focusing. It has been experimentally demonstrated that due to the thermal effect, it is possible to tune the focus of the lens with a shift of 150 μm. In the appendix, we present a metasurface consisting of a polymer matrix containing gold nanoparticles. These substrates are analyzed from a thermoplasmonic point of view, obtaining excellent results useful, for example, for the purification of materials from bacteria. In addition, these membranes are analyzed from the point of view of sensing by stretching. In the second appendix metasurfaces based on the MIMI nanocavities used as a platform for refractive index sensing are presented.
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    Nonlinear processes in general relativity: from vacuum spacetimes to turbulent plasmas near compact objects
    (Università della Calabria, 2023-07-14) Meringolo, Claudio; Cipparrone, Gabriella; Servidio, Sergio
    Strong gravitational fields are well-described by Einstein’s theory of gravity. In the last decades, observational breakthroughs have supported the milestones of general relativity, stimulating increasing scientific activity. Together with observations, numerical relativity became a very important instrument to validate and extend the comprehension of such observations. In the first part of this thesis, we present new results through the full threedimensional (3D) evolution of black holes, in binary- and multiple-body systems. After a brief review of Einstein’s theory and of the "3+1" formalism adopted, we describe the Spectral FIltered Numerical Gravity CodE (SFINGE). This is a numerical code based on the Fourier decomposition, accompanied by different filtering techniques. The accuracy of the model has been validated through standard testbeds, revealing that the filtered pseudo-spectral technique is highly accurate. We evolve black hole dynamics in vacuum conditions and small domains. The gravitational wave signals have been inspected by employing both Fourier and wavelet analyses, showing net differences among the global configurations. We observe strong nonlinear emission in the case of three-black holes, which can be a template for future observational campaigns. Finally, we introduced also the presence of matter in spacetime, presenting some preliminary results of general relativistic hydrodynamics. In the second part of the thesis, we focus on the plasma in the neighboring regions of black holes, by using numerical models for plasmas in trans-relativistic regimes. We present a very comprehensive campaign of two-dimensional (2D) kinetic Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations of special-relativistic turbulence by using the Zeltron code. Imposing a realistic mass ratio between electrons and protons, we analyze the energization of electrons, by varying several plasma parameters. The simulations have been designed to cover several regimes of turbulence in the vicinity of compact objects. These results can find application in a wide range of astrophysical scenarios, including the accretion and the jet emission onto supermassive black holes, such as M87* and Sgr A*.
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    Probing the high-energy dynamics of QCD: selected theoretical and phenomenological studies
    (Università della Calabria, 2023-05-04) Fucilla, Michael; Cipparrone, Gabriella; Papa, Alessandro
    The center-of-mass energies available at modern accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and at future generation accelerators, such as the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) and Future Circular Collider (FCC), offer us a unique opportunity to investigate hadronic matter under the most extreme conditions ever reached. In particular, we can access the Regge-Gribov (or semi-hard) limit of QCD, characterized by the scale hierarchy s ≫ {Q2} ≫ Λ2 QCD, where √s is the center-of-mass energy, {Q} a set of hard scales characterizing the process and ΛQCD is the QCD mass scale. In this limit, large logarithmic corrections can affect both parton densities and hard scattering cross sections. The Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) approach represents the established tool to resum to all orders, both in the leading (LLA) and the next-to-leading (NLA) approximation, these large-energy logarithmic contributions. However, it is well known that at very low values of the Bjorken-x, the density of partons, per unit transverse area, in hadronic wavefunctions becomes very large leading to the so-called saturation effects. The evolution of densities is then described by non-linear generalizations of the BFKL equation. Among these, the most general is represented by the Balitsky-JIMWLK hierarchy of equations, which is needed to describe the scattering of a dilute projectile on a dense target, or also the scattering of two dense systems. The dense system condition can be achieved by a very small-x proton, but is more easily achieved for large nuclei. It is clear that a detailed comparison with experimental data requires precision predictions that can only be achieved in the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation or beyond. We face this task from two different perspectives. On the one hand developing analytical calculations that allow to increase the theoretical accuracy that can be reached in predictions, and on the other, by proposing phenomenological analyzes that can be directly tested experimentally. In particular, within the BFKL approach we calculate the full NLO impact factor for the Higgs production. This is the necessary ingredient to study the inclusive forward emissions of a Higgs boson in association with a backward identified jet. We claim that this result should necessarily supplement pure fixed-order calculations entering in the collinear factorization framework, which cannot be able to describe the entire kinematic spectrum in the Higgs-plus-jet channel. The result can be as well used to describe the inclusive hadroproduction of a forward Higgs in the limit of small Bjorken x. Moreover, using the knowledge of already known impact factors we propose a series of new semi-hard reactions that can be used to investigate BFKL dynamics at the LHC. We investigate all observables used so far to study BFKL, including: total cross sections, azimuthal coefficients, azimuthal distributions and pT -differential distributions. In the context of linear evolution, we consider also the problem of extending BFKL beyond the NLLA. To this aim, we compute the Lipatov vertex in QCD with higher ϵ- accuracy, where ϵ = (D − 4)/2. This ingredient enters the BFKL kernel at next-to-NLA (NNLLA) accuracy. In fact, the NNLLA formulation of BFKL requires not only two and three-loop calculations, but also higher ϵ-accuracy of the one-loop results, for instance, in the part of the kernel containing the product of two one-loop Lipatov vertices. Finally, in the saturation framework, and more specifically in the Shockwave approach, we calculate the diffractive double hadron photo- or electroproduction cross sections with full NLL accuracy. These results are usable to detect saturation effects, at both the future EIC or already at LHC, using Ultra Peripheral Collisions.
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    Black Hole Dynamics from Vacuum Spacetime to Surrounding Turbulent Plasmas
    (Università della Calabria, 2025-04-28) Imbrogno, Mario; Cipparrone, Gabriella; Servidio, Sergio
    The nonlinear behavior of black holes, governed by the Einstein field equations, cou- pled with the turbulent dynamics of plasma in relativistic regimes, constitutes the cornerstone of both general relativity and high-energy astrophysics. In this thesis, we employ advanced numerical simulations and cutting-edge techniques in numer- ical relativity and plasma physics to investigate these extreme systems and probe the intricate nonlinear interactions between black holes and relativistic plasmas. The investigation begins with simulations of black hole systems in vacuum space- times, using the 3+1 formalism to explore both binary and multi-body interactions. The three-body problem is examined by transitioning from Newtonian mechanics to general relativity. In the classical framework, the interactions are modeled in a typ- ically chaotic configuration, identifying extreme gravitational interactions (EGIs) as transients characterized by complex and highly energetic dynamics. We concentrate on selecting these EGIs as initial data for the general relativistic case, performing a series of numerical relativity simulations to establish a comprehensive set of cases. The analysis of three-body black hole dynamics reveals intricate gravitational wave- forms, which are crucial for interpreting observational data and refining detection strategies. Within the 3+1 framework and in the presence of matter, a novel loga- rithmic formulation has been developed to enhance numerical stability in scenarios characterized by steep gradients, such as those found in stellar atmospheres. Pre- liminary applications of this formulation include the propagation of classical sound waves and the study of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. In the second part, we perform simulations using the BHAC code within theGRMHD framework to model the accreting plasma flow near black holes. These simulations provide significant insights into the behavior of matter in magnetically dominated regions, such as those surrounding Sgr A* and M87*, bridging theoretical models with observational data and offering new perspectives on high-energy astrophysi- cal processes, including jet formation, accretion mechanisms, and magnetic recon- nection. Our results demonstrate the presence of a strong turbulent cascade that transfers energy from large (inhomogeneous) accretion scales down to smaller (ho- mogeneous) lengths. This process, therefore, may conDue to the cross-scale cascade, our focus ultimately shifts to local plasma be- havior, where we explore fully kinetic plasma turbulence through high-resolution, direct numerical simulations based on the PIC method. These simulations incor- porate realistic mass ratios between particle species, allowing for a detailed exam- ination of particle acceleration mechanisms within plasma turbulence. We observe the formation of long-lived vortices with profiles typical of macroscopic, magneti- cally dominated force-free states. Inspired by the Harris pinch model for inhomo- geneous equilibria, we describe these metastable solutions using a self-consistent kinetic model in a cylindrical coordinate system centered on a representative vortex, starting from an explicit form of the particle velocity distribution function. Turbu- lence is mediated by these long-lived structures, accompanied by transients in which such vortices merge and self-similarly form new metastable equilibria. For future re- search, we plan to broaden the scope of this investigation by including positrons as a third particle species, enabling a more comprehensive analysis of multi-species plasma behavior and elucidating the dominant processes governing energy transfer, particle energization, and the resulting electromagnetic emissions.tinue to kinetic scales, where collisionless, relativistic physics becomes dominant.
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    Raman spectroscopic characterization of thin films to be used in Electrochromic Devices
    (Università della Calabria, 2023-05-16) Nucera, Antonello; Cipparrone, Gabriella; Castriota, Marco
    Electrochromism is related to the optical properties of some materials when subject to an electric potential. These properties are exploited in special electrochromic devices formed by these materials and others that together provide for their implementation and operation. In recent years, the overall performance of these devices has increased considerably, although further improvements are currently being studied by the scientific community. The aim of this thesis work has been the study of materials for potential use in electrochromic devices, the creation of an electrochromic device capable of modulating solar radiation as well as a part of the heat associated with it and its complete characterization. The instrumental analyses used for the characterization of the various materials and devices were Raman spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry and UV-visible spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy is a formidable investigation technique because it is non-destructive and it can reveal a lot of structural chemical and physical information from the samples analysed. In recent years it has gained great importance in the analysis of biological samples because of the development of the Raman technique named as SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy). The results of the thesis are presented in different chapters that deal with the theoretical concepts related to electrochromism (chapters 1 and 2) and those related to the investigation techniques used during the course (chapter 3). The results of the analyses are set out in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 presents the conclusions and future perspectives. In the first part of Chapter 4, Raman analyses have been conducted on different polymeric materials such as polymethylmethacrylates (PMMA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) as well as natural polymers such as chitosan for potential operational (the former) and environmental benefits (the second) that these can bring in the realization of an electrochromic device. Polyelectrolyte materials can be used as an electrolyte layer in electrochromic device, in this thesis work the SERS effect of polyelectrolyte layers on the Raman spectrum of acetic acid has been observed. Chitosan films doped with zinc complex have been analysed by Raman spectroscopy. The interpretation of the results obtained made it possible to establish that the interaction between the natural polymer and the zinc complex takes place at the level of the N-H and O-H groups. Bipyridine ligands are often used in the formation of metallopolymer molecules with electrochromic properties. In this thesis, the SERS effect of a gold plate on the Raman spectra of bipyridine samples has been studied, showing an interesting improvement of bipyridine Raman signals. Graphite and graphene can improve the conductivity of electrochromic devices by improving their performance. In this thesis work, through the use of Raman spectroscopy, the structural characteristics of functionalized graphite and graphene nanoplates have been shown. The SERS effect of Ag thin layer on the Raman spectra of deposited 6G rhodamine has been demonstrated. The Raman characterization of TiO2 films has been shown. In the second part of Chapter 4, electrochromic devices consisting of an electrochromic solution of viologen and ferrocene to which glycerolate bisphenol A has been added in certain proportions have been developed. The optical properties of the devices have been studied with UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy before and after polymerization induced by exposure to UV light. In particular, the analysis of the transmission properties of the devices in the coloured and transparent states (ON and OFF states, respectively) have been shown. In addition, the electrochemical properties of the devices have been studied by means of cyclic voltammetry measurements that show the differences between the ON and OFF states of the devices. Concluding remarks have been made in the last chapter of the thesis, with research on electrochromic technology continuing with further structural analysis of materials.
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    Innovative hybrid-composite membranes based on 2D materials for desalination of saline waters
    (Università della Calabria, 2023-01-20) Frappa, Mirko; Cipparrone, Gabriella; Gugliuzza, Annarosa; Drioli, Enrico
    Water is essential for the life of all living organisms and its conservation and responsible use is one of the global challenges that humanity will have to face in the near future. The recovery of water and salts from the sea represents the main source and today represents an important opportunity within the logic of sustainable water management. Water reuse is the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes, which increases a community's available water supply and makes it more reliable, especially in times of drought. Access to clean water resources, however, requires urgent economic and ecological needs on a global level, urging more efficient technologies. Indeed, due to its energy consumption, seawater desalination is generally an expensive process. Currently, technological progress has led to the development of a series of technologies that make the wastewater treatment process increasingly concrete and efficient. Among them, membrane processes represent a valid alternative thanks to the numerous advantages offered such as low environmental impact, high efficiency and sufficient related costs. Research, respecting the environment, is increasingly focused on improving these techniques in terms of production and costs. In this sense, two eco-sustainable techniques have been developed based on the use of porous and hydrophobic membranes: membrane distillation (MD) and membrane crystallization (MCr). These two technologies do not yet have the production capacity to replace reverse osmosis, which is currently the leading process for desalination. However, integrating these processes with RO could increase the recovery factor close to one hundred percent. In fact, in addition to increasing the production of clean water, it is also possible to recover the salts dissolved in sea water thanks to the MCr process. Hence the basic idea of this work where we wanted to introduce several innovative materials in membrane systems with the aim of improving and optimizing the MD / MCr processes. In this case, three classes of materials have been taken into consideration for the preparation of the polymeric membranes. The first material is Graphene consisting of a monatomic layer of carbon atoms. The second type of material proposed is part of the family of transition metals and are Monolayer dicalcogenides. Among the dicalcogenides, Bismuth Tellurium and metal organic frameworks (MOF) have been taken in consideration. Graphene and dicalcogenated metals have been exfoliated by the WET-Jet Milling technique and supplied by BeDimensional S.P.A. while the Zirconium based MOF [MIL-140B] has been provided by Nanjing Tech University (China). The materials have been used for the preparation of PVDF-based membranes, characterized and tested in MD and MCr in order to evaluate the correlated effects on productivity and selectivity.
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    Scaling properties and multifractal dynamic of greenhouses gases
    (Università della Calabria, 2023-07-11) Tripicchio, Giovanni; Cipparrone, Gabriella; Sprovieri, Francesca; Carbone, Francesco
    This work presents an extensive analysis of scaling properties of the intra-day components that constitute the temporal behaviour of GHG tracers (CO2, CH4 and CO), recorded during the period from 2015 to 2017 at Monte Curcio Observatory. Through the application of Empirical Mode Decomposition and Mutual Information methods, fast and slow components have been highlighted, which characterize the dynamics of GHG tracers at small and large scales, respectively. From analyses of these two components, it was possible to investigate the scaling properties related to the Hurst coe cient. The results highlight di erent local properties that characterize the uctuations of the two components, particularly according to the scale and time period under investigation. The discrepancy of scaling exponents suggests that the dynamics of slow components are related to di erent phenomena that contribute more energy (force) to the process, while fast components are governed by small-scale turbulent processes. The Hurst coe cient of slow component for CO2 exhibits a large-scale temporal modulation, which may be related to the main environmental drivers responsible for dynamics of CO2 concentrations. In this context, the photosynthesis-respiration process has been considered, through the analysis of the vegetation indexes EVI and NDVI, and the variation of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) height. The high correlation value measured between the monthly variations of these two indexes and the variation of Hs coe cient suggests that these phenomena played a primary role in de ning the intra-day fractal properties of the CO2. The results obtained are useful to the parametrization of sub-grid processes in atmosphericclimatic models, while providing a temporal evolution of the emission maps of the analyzed GHG tracers.
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    Hunting stabilization effects of the high-energy resummation at the LHC
    (Università della Calabria, 2022-03-14) Mohammed, Maher Abdelrahim Mohammed; Cipparrone, Gabriella; Papa, Alessandro
    Studying semi-hard processes in the large center-of-mass energy limit gives us an opportunity to further test perturbative QCD in an unexplored kinematical configuration, contributing to a better understanding of the dynamics of strong interactions. For semi-hard reactions in kinematics at large center-of-mass energy ps, the BFKL resummation of energy logarithms comes into play, since large energy logarithms compensate the smallness of QCD coupling as and must therefore be accounted for to all perturbative orders. Tracing the path toward performing precision calculations via BFKL resummation of high-energy logarithms, in this thesis we present phenomenological analyses for distinct inclusive processes, highlighting the recognized problem of instabilities under higher-order corrections and energy-scales variations, that would abort any possibility to investigate semi-hard reactions with high-precision at natural energy-scales. At the same time, we present new reactions that seem to act as fair stabilizers of the highenergy series. First, the inclusive production at the LHC of a charged light hadron and of a jet, featuring a wide separation in rapidity, is presented making use of optimization methods to fix energy-scale. We report some predictions, tailored on the CMS and CASTOR acceptances, for the cross section averaged over the azimuthal angle between the identified jet and hadron and for azimuthal correlations. Then, we propose as a novel probe channel for the manifestation of the BFKL dynamics, the inclusive hadroproduction of a Higgs boson and of a jet, featuring large transverse momenta and well separated in rapidity. We present predictions for azimuthal Higgs-jet correlations and other observables, to be possibly compared with typical experimental analyses at the LHC. Finlay, we propose the inclusive semi-hard production, in proton-proton collisions, of two bottom-flavored hadrons, as well as of a single bottom-flavored hadron accompanied by a light jet, as novel channels for targeting stabilization effects of the high-energy resummation under higher-order corrections. Moreover, we propose the study of double differential distributions in the transverse momenta of the two finalstate particles as a common basis to investigate the interplay of different resummation approaches.
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    Multifunctional mesogenic microparticles: optomechanics and photonics
    (Università della Calabria, 2023-02-15) Pellizzi, Nicola; Cipparrone, Gabriella; Mazzulla, Alfredo; Pagliusi, Pasquale
    The development of efficient and cost-effective micromachines is a challenge for applied and fundamental science given their wide fields of interest. Light has become a suitable tool to move small objects in a non-contact way, given its capabilities in exerting forces and torques. However, when complex machining is required, the assembly of micro-objects with proper architecture able to play a specific role in the dynamics, is extremely helpful. To this aim, the design of opto-responsive micrometric devices was carried out by exploiting the dielectric-metal coupling. Such structures are able to couple with different forces carried by the optical field, and selectively acquire orbital and rotational momentum, depending on the presence of a raspberry-like gold nanoparticles shell. Furthermore, the particles can have a chiral supramolecular structure due to the cholesteric nature of the mesogenic precursor. This allows the study of collective optomechanical phenomena and to the use of these as laser resonance cavities. The study, therefore, of how these microparticles under appropriate structures of the field are able to couple with it, giving rise to the birth of collective phenomena of angular momentum transfer. The addition of fluorescent molecules in the polymeric core enables laser emission and demonstrate higher resistance to degradation of the core-shell particles, which represents the current limit of similar organic microresonators. Bragg and whispering gallery emissive modes were observed and an increase in operating cycles was obtained. 6 The thesis is completed with a detailed part concerning the production protocol and variants useful for obtaining versatile structures in both photonic and optomechanical fields. A profound characterization was carried out in order to appropriately exploit the different properties offered by this technology.